Biblical archaeology is an academic school and a subset of Biblical studies and Levantine archaeology. Biblical archaeology studies archaeological sites from the Ancient Near East and especially the Holy Land (also known as Land of Israel and Canaan), from biblical times.

Biblical archaeology emerged in the late 19th century, by British and American archaeologists, with the aim of confirming the historicity of the Bible. Between the 1920s, right after World War I, when Palestine came under British rule and the 1960s, biblical archaeology became the dominant American school of Levantine archaeology, led by figures such as William F. Albright and G. Ernest Wright. The work was mostly funded by churches and headed by theologians. From the late 1960s, biblical archaeology was influenced by processual archaeology (« New Archaeology ») and faced issues that made it push aside the religious aspects of the research. This has led the American schools to shift away from biblical studies and focus on the archaeology of the region and its relation with the biblical text, rather than trying to prove or disprove the biblical account.

The Hebrew Bible is the main source of information about the region of Palestine and mostly covers the Iron Age period. Therefore, archaeology can provide insights where biblical historiography can’t. The comparative study of the biblical text and archaeological discoveries help understand Ancient Near Eastern people and cultures. Although both the Hebrew Bible and the New Testament are taken into account, the majority of the study centers around the former.

WHY IS IT INTERESTING?

Biblical archeology is the subject of ongoing debate among scholars. It still is today, a secular field of study, not a theological one, therefore, the scholars that are immersed in this field, come from various religious backgrounds, not necessarily christian, or even religious! This can be a surprise if a neophite expects this to be a field of study reserved to theologians.

It has a surprisingly varied number of historians and archeologists researching it to demonstrate the inaccuracy of the Bible, or simply to study its historical accuracy. Yet its recent years developments, the area most of its research is made in being most highly sensitive, it is a both dangerous and interesting subject to immerse yourself into. Worldwide scholars and researchers found it was worth their time, why not yours?